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They investigate the construct of paternalistic leadership and review the findings related to its outcomes and antecedents as well as the various measurement scales used in paternalistic leadership research. Management, masculinity and manipulation: From paternalism to corporate strategy in financial services in Britain. Journal of Management Studies, 30 (4), 659–677. While much has been written and empirically researched about leadership style, little effort has been made to make out what constitutes successful and effective leadership for university teachers of Pakistan. Paternalistic leadership is a promising body of research that has been tailored to the Pakistani context in this study. Cross-cultural industrial organizational psychology and organizational behavior: A hundred-year journey. Acculturation of expatriate managers: A process model of adjustment and performance. Annual. (Jackman, 1994, p.11). Is paternalism “something” to endorse or avoid; moral or immoral; effective or ineffective; empowering or repressing; expl. itative or benevolent? These controversies make pater-nalism an interesting co. struct to investigate. There are other unique features of paternalism. Paternalism, which is rooted in the traditional Chinese family structure, has crossed the boundary of families and generalized to the workplace. In this chapter, the author focuses on the conceptualization and operationalization of one of the most prevalent cultural and managerial characteristics in Asian, Middle-Eastern and Latin American cultures--paternalism. Abstract Paternalistic leadership (PL), commonly practiced in collectivistic and high power distant cultures, refers to the hierarchical superior–subordinate relationship where the leader provides. 百度学术集成海量学术资源，融合人工智能、深度学习、大数据分析等技术，为科研工作者提供全面快捷的学术服务。在这里我们保持学习的态度，不忘初心，砥砺前行。 Home Research Outputs Publications without Fulltext Paternalism towards conceptual refinement and operationalization.

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